Substitution is the practice of processing public timber while at the same time exporting unprocessed private timber.
Direct substitution is prohibited. If a company meets the following criteria, they are considered a substitutor and cannot purchase public timber:
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The company owns and operates a processing facility.
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The company exports unprocessed private timber from land in the state of Washington.
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The company owns or has exclusive rights to harvest timber from such lands for more than seven years.